Violence and Gangs: Gender Differences in Perceptions and Behavior

Most research on violence has focused on males, but recent studies indicate that females are also involved in violent crimes. Few studies, to date, have examined whether different or similar models explain male and female involvement in violent behavior. In the current research, we examine the relative contribution of social bond, self-control and social learning concepts to the explanation of male and female violent offending. We also explore the unique contribution of gang membership, school environment and prior victimization to these explanatory models. Using a multisite sample of eighth-grade students, we find that results of a Chow test indicate the need for separate theoretical models. Despite some similarities, different factors account for male and female rates of violent behavior.